Safety documentation, compliance and security glossary

Presumption of conformity

German: Konformitätsvermutung

In EU product law, presumption of conformity is the legal effect by which applying a harmonized standard whose reference is cited in the Official Journal of the European Union may support conformity with the legal requirements that the standard covers. The presumption is limited to those requirements and can be rebutted.

Compliance · EU · German source term

State of the art

German: Stand der Technik

In EU product safety law, the state of the art is the current level of technical development and accepted good practice relevant to risk reduction. Manufacturers must take it into account when applying the essential health and safety requirements.

Compliance · Standards · EU · German source term

CE marking

German: CE-Kennzeichnung

Under EU product legislation, the CE marking is a marking by which the manufacturer indicates that it has declared the product to meet all applicable EU requirements that provide for the marking. It is affixed after the conformity assessment and the declaration of conformity, before the product is placed on the market.

Compliance · EU

Conformity assessment

German: Konformitätsbewertung

In EU product law, conformity assessment is the process used to demonstrate whether specified legal or technical requirements relating to a product are fulfilled. Depending on the product and legal act, the manufacturer carries it out alone (internal production control) or with a notified body.

Compliance · EU

Declaration of Conformity

German: Konformitätserklärung

In EU product law, the Declaration of Conformity is the manufacturer’s formal declaration that a product fulfills the applicable EU requirements. By signing it, the manufacturer takes responsibility for the product’s compliance.

Compliance · EU

General duty to safeguard

In US workplace safety, the general duty to safeguard is the employer’s duty to protect employees from recognized machine hazards using appropriate safeguarding and controls. OSHA’s general machine guarding rule requires one or more methods of guarding to protect operators and other employees in the machine area.

USA · Compliance

Harmonized standard

German: Harmonisierte Norm

In EU product law, a harmonized standard is a European standard adopted on the basis of a request from the European Commission for the application of EU harmonization legislation. Once its reference is cited in the Official Journal of the European Union, applying it may support presumption of conformity with the requirements it covers.

Standards · EU · Compliance

Machinery Directive 2006/42/EC

German: Maschinenrichtlinie 2006/42/EG

The Machinery Directive 2006/42/EC is the EU legal framework for machinery applicable before the Machinery Regulation (EU) 2023/1230 becomes applicable. It sets essential health and safety requirements, conformity assessment procedures and CE marking for machinery and related products, and applies until January 19, 2027.

Compliance · EU

Machinery Regulation (EU) 2023/1230

German: Maschinenverordnung eu 2023 1230 mvo

The Machinery Regulation (EU) 2023/1230 is the EU regulation on machinery and related products that replaces the Machinery Directive 2006/42/EC and applies from January 20, 2027. It is directly applicable in all member states and sets essential health and safety requirements, conformity assessment procedures and CE marking.

Compliance · EU · AI

Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)

The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) is the US federal agency within the Department of Labor responsible for workplace safety and health regulation and enforcement. It was created under the Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970 and issues and enforces standards such as those for machine guarding and lockout/tagout.

USA · Compliance

Technical file

In EU machinery law, the technical file is the body of technical documentation used to demonstrate conformity with applicable machinery requirements. It is compiled by the manufacturer, kept available for market surveillance authorities and is not normally supplied to users.

Compliance · Technical documentation · EU

Substantial modification

German: Wesentliche Veränderung

Under the EU Machinery Regulation, a substantial modification is a change to machinery after it has been placed on the market or put into service, not foreseen by the manufacturer, that may create new hazards or increase existing risks sufficiently to require new protective measures. The person making it takes on the manufacturer’s obligations for the modified machinery.

Compliance · EU

Low Voltage Directive

German: Niederspannungsrichtlinie

The Low Voltage Directive (Directive 2014/35/EU) is the EU law that sets safety objectives for electrical equipment designed for use with a voltage rating between 50 and 1000 V AC or 75 and 1500 V DC, and requires conformity assessment, a declaration of conformity and CE marking before such equipment is placed on the market.

EU · Compliance

Resource efficiency

German: Ressourceneffizienz

In manufacturing and product policy, resource efficiency is the ratio between the benefit obtained (products, functions) and the natural resources used (materials, energy, water) over the product lifecycle; improving it means achieving the same benefit with fewer resources.

EU · Compliance

IEC 60204-1

German: IEC 60204-1

IEC 60204-1 is the international standard for the electrical equipment of machines. It sets general requirements for electrical, electronic and programmable electronic equipment and systems of machines, including protection against electric shock, control functions, stop categories, emergency operations and documentation.

Standards · Technical documentation

IEC 61496

IEC 61496 is the international standard series covering electro-sensitive protective equipment (ESPE) for machinery, such as safety light curtains and safety laser scanners. Part 1 sets general requirements and tests; further parts cover specific technologies.

Standards · Technical documentation

IEC 61508

German: IEC 61508

IEC 61508 is the foundational international standard for the functional safety of electrical, electronic and programmable electronic (E/E/PE) safety-related systems. It defines a safety lifecycle and Safety Integrity Levels (SIL 1 to SIL 4) and serves as the basis for sector standards such as IEC 62061.

Standards · Technical documentation

IEC 62061

German: IEC 62061

IEC 62061 is the machinery-sector functional safety standard for the design, integration and validation of safety-related control systems of machines. It uses Safety Integrity Levels (SIL) up to SIL 3 to express the required and achieved integrity of each safety function.

Standards · Technical documentation

IEC 62443

German: IEC 62443

IEC 62443 is a family of international standards for the cybersecurity of industrial automation and control systems (IACS). It addresses asset owners, system integrators and product suppliers, and covers security management, risk assessment with zones and conduits, system and component requirements, and secure development.

Standards · Cybersecurity

ISO 12100

German: ISO 12100

ISO 12100 is the international standard for the general principles of machinery design, risk assessment and risk reduction. As the type-A standard of machinery safety, it defines basic terms such as hazard, risk and safeguard, and sets out the iterative process of risk assessment and the three-step method of risk reduction.

Standards · Technical documentation

ISO 13849-1

German: ISO 13849-1

ISO 13849-1 is the international standard for the design and integration of safety-related parts of control systems (SRP/CS) of machines. It expresses the ability of a safety function to perform under foreseeable conditions as a Performance Level (PL a to e), determined from Category, MTTFd, diagnostic coverage and measures against common-cause failure.

Standards · Technical documentation

ISO 13849-2

German: ISO 13849-2

ISO 13849-2 is the international standard for the validation of safety-related parts of control systems designed under ISO 13849-1. It specifies the procedures and conditions for validation by analysis and testing, and contains lists of safety principles and fault lists for different technologies.

Standards · Technical documentation

ISO 13850

ISO 13850 is the international standard specifying functional requirements and design principles for the emergency stop function of machinery, independent of the type of energy used. It covers the function, not the electrical implementation, which is addressed by IEC 60204-1.

Standards · Technical documentation

ISO 13855

ISO 13855 is the international standard addressing the positioning of safeguards with respect to the approach speed of parts of the human body. It gives the method and parameters for calculating the minimum distance between a protective device and the hazard zone, so that the hazard is stopped before a person can reach it.

Standards · Technical documentation

ISO 14119

ISO 14119 is the international standard covering the principles for design and selection of interlocking devices associated with guards, including guard locking. It classifies interlocking devices by type and addresses how to minimize the possibility of defeating them.

Standards · Technical documentation

ISO 14120

ISO 14120 is the international standard covering general requirements for the design and construction of fixed and movable guards that protect persons from mechanical hazards. It addresses selection, materials, strength, ergonomics and the verification of guards.

Standards · Technical documentation

ISO/IEC 17025

ISO/IEC 17025 is the international standard specifying general requirements for the competence, impartiality and consistent operation of testing and calibration laboratories. Accreditation to it gives confidence that a laboratory’s results are technically valid and traceable.

Standards · Compliance

IEC 60848

German: IEC 60848

IEC 60848 is the international standard that defines GRAFCET, a graphical specification language for describing the sequential behavior of control systems with steps, transitions, actions and receptivities, independent of the implementation technology.

Standards

IEC 61000

German: IEC 61000

IEC 61000 is the international series of standards on electromagnetic compatibility (EMC), covering the electromagnetic environment, emission limits, immunity requirements and test and measurement techniques for electrical and electronic equipment.

Standards · Compliance

IEC 61131

German: IEC 61131

IEC 61131 is the international standard series for programmable controllers (PLCs), covering general information, equipment requirements and tests, programming languages (Part 3), user guidelines, communications and functional safety for PLCs (Part 6), among other parts.

Standards

IEC 61511

German: IEC 61511

IEC 61511 is the international standard for functional safety of safety instrumented systems (SIS) in the process industry sector; it covers the safety lifecycle from hazard and risk assessment and SIL determination through design, installation, operation, maintenance and modification.

Standards

IEC 61800-5-2

German: IEC 61800-5-2

IEC 61800-5-2 is the international standard that specifies functional safety requirements for adjustable speed electrical power drive systems suitable for safety-related applications (PDS(SR)), including definitions of drive safety functions such as Safe Torque Off, Safe Stop 1 and Safely-Limited Speed.

Standards

ISA-18.2

German: ISA-18.2

ANSI/ISA-18.2 is the standard for the management of alarm systems in the process industries; it defines an alarm management lifecycle including alarm philosophy, identification, rationalization, design, implementation, operation, maintenance, monitoring and management of change.

Standards

ISA-88

German: ISA-88

ISA-88 (ANSI/ISA-88, internationally IEC 61512) is the standard series for batch control; it defines reference models for physical equipment (enterprise to control module), procedural control (procedure, unit procedure, operation, phase), recipes and terminology.

Standards

ISA-95

German: ISA-95

ISA-95 (ANSI/ISA-95, internationally IEC 62264) is the standard series for enterprise-control system integration; it defines models and terminology for the functions and information exchanged between business planning and logistics (level 4) and manufacturing operations management (level 3).

Standards

ISO 10218-1

German: ISO 10218-1

ISO 10218-1 is the international standard that specifies safety requirements for industrial robots as delivered by the robot manufacturer, covering design, protective measures, safety functions and information for use.

Standards

ISO 10218-2

German: ISO 10218-2

ISO 10218-2 is the international standard that specifies safety requirements for industrial robot applications and robot cells, covering integration, safeguarding, collaborative applications, commissioning and information for use.

Standards

ISO 50001

German: ISO 50001

ISO 50001 is the international standard for energy management systems; it specifies requirements for establishing, implementing, maintaining and improving an energy management system to improve an organization's energy performance.

Standards · Compliance

ISO/TS 15066

German: ISO/TS 15066

ISO/TS 15066 is an ISO technical specification on collaborative industrial robot operation; it describes collaborative operation methods and gives guidance, including biomechanical limit values for power and force limiting.

Standards

NAMUR standards

German: NAMUR-Standards

NAMUR standards are the recommendations (NE) and worksheets (NA) published by NAMUR, the international user association of automation technology in process industries; they are not formal standards but widely adopted user requirements and good practices.

Standards

Standardization

German: Standardisierung

Standardization is the activity of establishing, by consensus, documents that provide rules, guidelines or characteristics for common and repeated use; in companies it also means harmonizing internal solutions, such as standard modules, libraries or templates.

Standards

ZVEI guide to Module Type Package (MTP)

German: ZVEI-Leitfaden MTP

The ZVEI guide to the Module Type Package (MTP) is guidance from the German electrical and digital industry association ZVEI on MTP, the vendor-independent description of process modules (their services, HMI and interfaces) standardized in VDI/VDE/NAMUR 2658, which lets modules be integrated into a process orchestration layer in modular plants.

Standards

Information for use

In machine safety, information for use is the safety-related information supplied to users of a machine, including instructions, warnings, markings and training requirements. Under ISO 12100 it is the third step of risk reduction and informs users about residual risks that design and safeguarding could not remove.

Technical documentation · Standards

Safety-critical information

In safety documentation, safety-critical information is information whose absence, inaccuracy or delay can contribute to unsafe conditions or decisions. It includes warnings and instructions, but also values such as torque settings, stopping times, safety distances and lockout points.

Technical documentation · Compliance

Instructions for use (IFU)

In technical documentation, instructions for use (IFU) are the information provided by the manufacturer to support the correct and safe use of a product, covering its intended use, installation, operation, maintenance and disposal, and the residual risks users must manage.

Technical documentation · Standards

Maintenance manual

In technical documentation, a maintenance manual is a controlled set of instructions and information for inspection, servicing, repair and restoration activities on a machine or system, including the safety measures, qualifications, tools and intervals each task requires.

Technical documentation · Compliance

Operating manual

In technical documentation, an operating manual is user information covering the safe installation, operation, maintenance, troubleshooting and residual risks of a machine or product, written for its intended users.

Technical documentation · Compliance

Residual risk statement

In safety documentation, a residual risk statement is a statement that describes a risk remaining after protective measures have been applied and the actions required from users to manage it, such as precautions, protective equipment or training.

Technical documentation · Standards

Safety chapter

In safety documentation, a safety chapter is a documentation section focused on safety information, such as intended use, qualifications, general warnings, residual risks and protective equipment. It must not be the only location for task-specific safety controls.

Technical documentation · Standards

Safety information readability

In safety documentation, safety information readability is the degree to which safety information can be read and understood by its intended audience under actual use conditions, such as distance, lighting, noise, protective equipment, stress or limited language skills.

Technical documentation · Standards

Safety information usability

In safety documentation, safety information usability is the degree to which users can find, understand and apply safety information correctly and efficiently in the situations where it is needed.

Technical documentation · Standards

Safety sign

In safety documentation, a safety sign is a visual sign using standardized color, shape and symbols to communicate a prohibition, a warning, a mandatory action, a safe condition or emergency information.

Standards · Technical documentation

Technical documentation

German: Technische Dokumentation

In technical documentation practice, technical documentation is the controlled information describing a product or system for design, conformity, installation, operation, maintenance, service and disposal. It includes internal documentation for manufacturers and authorities as well as information for use supplied to users.

Technical documentation · Compliance

Warning message

In safety documentation, a warning message is a structured safety communication identifying a hazard, its consequence, the action to avoid it and the relevant context, usually introduced by a signal word and a safety symbol that indicate the severity.

Technical documentation · Standards

AI drift

In AI governance, AI drift is a change in an AI system’s outputs or interpretation such that previously valid assumptions, controls or evidence may no longer hold. It can result from changing input data, model updates, new prompts or retrieval sources, or changes in the operating context.

AI · Technical documentation

AI-assisted documentation

In technical documentation, AI-assisted documentation is the use of AI to create, transform, retrieve, compare or review documentation under defined governance and human control. The organization remains responsible for the content, and AI output is a draft or a finding until a qualified person approves it.

AI · Technical documentation

Audit readiness

In compliance and quality management, audit readiness is the condition in which responsibilities, records, versions, trace links and evidence are current and reviewable, so that an auditor, notified body or authority can check them at any time without a reconstruction effort.

Compliance · Technical documentation

Audit trail

German: Audit-Trail

In document and evidence governance, an audit trail is a chronological record of changes, approvals, actions and evidence, showing who did what, when and on which version. A usable audit trail is complete, time-stamped and protected against unnoticed alteration.

Compliance · Cybersecurity

Authoritative source boundary

In information governance, an authoritative source boundary is a rule defining which system or record is authoritative for each type of information and where that authority ends. Outside the boundary, a copy is only a reference and must not be edited or relied on as the original.

Technical documentation · Compliance

Controlled document

In quality and document management, a controlled document is a document managed under defined rules for approval, versioning, access, distribution and change, so that users can rely on having the current, approved version.

Technical documentation · Compliance

Document control

In quality and document management, document control is the governance of identification, review, approval, versioning, distribution, access and retention of controlled documents, so that the right version is available where it is needed and obsolete versions are not used by mistake.

Technical documentation · Compliance

Documentation latency

In safety documentation, documentation latency is the delay between a change in machine reality and the corresponding update, approval and availability of documentation. During that time, users work with information that no longer matches the machine.

Technical documentation · Compliance

Documentation latency chain

In safety documentation, the documentation latency chain is the sequence of delays from an engineering change through review, approval, publication and user access. Its total is the documentation latency; each link has its own cause and owner.

Technical documentation · Compliance

Evidence control

In safety and compliance documentation, evidence control is the governance that ensures evidence remains linked, current, approved and valid for the relevant configuration and claim. It prevents test reports, calculations and analyses from being cited for a product version they do not describe.

Compliance · Technical documentation

Human review record

German: Dokumenten- und Belegmanagement

In document and evidence governance, a human review record is the documented proof that a named, competent person examined a specific output — a document version, a translation, a code change, a model output — before it was accepted. It captures what was reviewed, against which criteria, what was changed or rejected, who decided and when. Where a law, a contract or a quality system requires human oversight or approval, this record is what makes the review verifiable after the fact; without it, a required review leaves no trace that it took place. Holding such records shows that a review happened; it does not by itself show that the reviewed product, system or documentation is compliant.

Compliance · Technical documentation · AI · Standards

Information drift

In technical documentation, information drift is the divergence of meaning, facts or instructions across documents, systems, versions, languages or channels, so that different sources say different things about the same product.

Technical documentation · Compliance

As-built documentation

German: Bestandsdokumentation

In plant and machine engineering, as-built documentation is the set of drawings, circuit diagrams, parameter lists, software versions and descriptions that reflect the system as it was actually built, installed and commissioned, including all changes made on site.

Technical documentation · Compliance

IT compliance guidelines

German: IT-Compliance-Richtlinien

In an organization, IT compliance guidelines are internal rules that translate legal, contractual and standard requirements (for example on data protection, information security and record retention) into binding instructions for how IT systems and data are used and managed.

Compliance · Cybersecurity

Open-source software

German: Open Source

Open-source software is software whose source code is published under a license that allows anyone to use, study, modify and redistribute it, subject to the license conditions, such as attribution or making modified source code available.

Compliance · Cybersecurity

Segregation of duties (SoD)

German: Funktionstrennung

In internal control and information security, segregation of duties (SoD) is the principle that conflicting tasks — such as requesting, approving, executing and checking a critical action — are assigned to different people or roles, so that no single person can both make an error or commit a fraudulent act and conceal it.

Compliance · Cybersecurity

Dual control principle

German: Vier-Augen-Prinzip

In internal control, the dual control principle (four-eyes principle) requires that a critical step — such as approving a payment, releasing a document or granting privileged access — is carried out or confirmed by at least two independent people, typically one who executes and one who approves.

Compliance · Cybersecurity

Fraud and error prevention

In internal control, fraud and error prevention is the goal of designing processes, roles and system controls so that neither deliberate misconduct (fraud) nor unintentional mistakes (errors) can occur unnoticed — above all by ensuring that no single person can commit an act and then conceal it.

Compliance

Internal control system (ICS)

German: Internes Kontrollsystem (IKS)

In corporate governance, an internal control system (ICS) is the set of policies, processes and controls an organization uses to make its operations reliable, its reporting accurate and its conduct compliant with laws, standards and internal rules. Frameworks and regulations such as the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOX), ISO/IEC 27001 and the German MaRisk expect it to include segregation of duties.

Compliance

Sensor data integrity

In industrial systems, sensor data integrity is the confidence that sensor data remains accurate, complete, timely, authentic and protected from unintended change, from the sensor to every function that uses it.

Cybersecurity · Technical documentation

Authentication

In industrial cybersecurity, authentication is the verification of the identity of a user, device or system before it is granted access. It answers the question “who is this?”, not “what may they do?”.

Cybersecurity · Standards

Authorization

German: Autorisierung

In industrial cybersecurity, authorization is the determination of which actions an authenticated user, device or system is permitted to perform. It is usually implemented through roles and permissions following the principle of least privilege.

Cybersecurity · Standards

Conduit

German: Conduit

In industrial cybersecurity under IEC 62443, a conduit is a controlled communication path between security zones. It groups the channels that connect zones and has its own security requirements, such as filtering, authentication and monitoring.

Cybersecurity · Standards

Credential

In cybersecurity, a credential is information or a cryptographic item used to authenticate an identity or enable access, such as a password, a PIN, a key card, a private key or a certificate.

Cybersecurity · Standards

Cyber Resilience Act (CRA)

German: Cyber Resilience Act (CRA)

The Cyber Resilience Act, Regulation (EU) 2024/2847, is EU legislation establishing cybersecurity requirements for products with digital elements across their lifecycle, from design through vulnerability handling and security updates during the support period. It entered into force on December 10, 2024.

Cybersecurity · EU · Compliance

Patch management

German: Patch-Management

In industrial cybersecurity, patch management is the controlled identification, assessment, testing, deployment and verification of software patches for control systems and their components, balancing security risk against the risk of changing a running production system.

Cybersecurity · Compliance

Remote access

German: Remote access sicherer fernzugriff

In industrial cybersecurity, remote access is access to a machine or control system from outside its local trust boundary, for example by a supplier’s service engineer over the internet. It crosses security zones and must be controlled, authenticated and logged.

Cybersecurity · Compliance

Safety-security interface

In integrated industrial systems, the safety-security interface is the point at which cybersecurity conditions can affect safety functions, safety data or risk controls, for example where a network connection can change safety parameters or disturb safety communication.

Cybersecurity · Standards

Security zone

German: Sicherheitszone

In industrial cybersecurity under IEC 62443, a security zone is a grouping of logical or physical assets with common cybersecurity requirements and risk characteristics. Each zone has a target security level, and communication between zones runs through conduits.

Cybersecurity · Standards

Update capability

In industrial systems, update capability is the technical and organizational ability to deliver, verify, document and, if needed, reverse updates to software, firmware and configuration, without compromising safety or the validity of evidence.

Cybersecurity · Compliance

IT/OT convergence

German: IT/OT-Konvergenz

In industrial automation, IT/OT convergence is the growing integration of information technology (business IT systems, networks, cloud) with operational technology (control systems, field devices, production networks), so that data and services flow between both domains.

Cybersecurity

Remote assistance

German: Remote Assistance

In industrial service, remote assistance is support provided by an expert who is not on site, for example via a remote connection to a machine or through audio, video and augmented reality guidance of on-site personnel.

Cybersecurity

SCALANCE (Siemens)

German: SCALANCE

SCALANCE is the Siemens product family of industrial network components, including managed and unmanaged Ethernet switches, industrial wireless LAN devices, routers and security appliances for production networks.

Cybersecurity

Zones and conduits

German: Zonen und Übergänge

In IEC 62443, zones and conduits is the model for segmenting an industrial automation and control system: assets with common security requirements are grouped into zones, and communication between zones is only allowed through defined conduits, each with a target security level.

Cybersecurity · Standards

Grandfathering (work equipment)

German: Bestandsschutz

In German occupational safety law, grandfathering (Bestandsschutz) is the common but misleading idea that a plant or machine may keep operating unchanged because it complied with the rules when it was put into service. The Ordinance on Industrial Safety and Health (BetrSichV) grants no general grandfathering for work equipment: the employer must review the risk assessment regularly, considering the state of the art.

Compliance · German source term · Technical documentation

Ordinance on Industrial Safety and Health (BetrSichV)

German: Betriebssicherheitsverordnung

The German Ordinance on Industrial Safety and Health (Betriebssicherheitsverordnung, BetrSichV) sets the employer's duties for providing and using work equipment, including machinery and installations requiring monitoring: risk assessment, protective measures, inspections and maintenance throughout the period of use.

Compliance · German source term

Ordinance on Hazardous Substances (GefStoffV)

German: Gefahrstoffverordnung

The German Ordinance on Hazardous Substances (Gefahrstoffverordnung, GefStoffV) sets the employer's duties for activities involving hazardous substances, including the risk assessment of fire and explosion hazards, the classification of hazardous areas into zones and the explosion protection document.

Compliance · German source term

Explosion protection document

German: Explosionsschutzdokument

Under Directive 1999/92/EC and, in Germany, § 6(9) of the Ordinance on Hazardous Substances (GefStoffV), the explosion protection document is the part of the employer's documented risk assessment that shows the hazards from explosive atmospheres separately: how they were identified and assessed, the explosion protection concept, the zones and the measures and inspections that apply. It must be kept up to date.

Compliance · Technical documentation · EU · German source term

Hazardous area classification (Ex zones)

German: Zoneneinteilung

Under Directive 1999/92/EC, hazardous area classification divides places where explosive atmospheres may occur into zones by the frequency and duration of their occurrence: Zones 0, 1 and 2 for gas, vapor and mist, Zones 20, 21 and 22 for dust. The zone determines which equipment categories may be used there.

Compliance · EU · German source term

Adaptation to the state of the art (work equipment)

German: Anpassung an den Stand der Technik bei der Verwendung von Arbeitsmitteln

In German operational safety law, adaptation to the state of the art is the employer's duty to keep work equipment safe to use by the current state of the art throughout its period of use. EmpfBS 1114 distinguishes the state of the art at placing on the market, which governs the design of a product, from the state of the art in use, which governs the protective measures of the employer.

Compliance · German source term

Presumption effect (technical rules)

German: Vermutungswirkung

In German occupational safety law, the presumption effect is the legal effect by which an employer who complies with the technical rules published by the responsible committee, such as the Technical Rules for Operational Safety (TRBS) under § 4(3) BetrSichV, may assume that the corresponding requirements of the ordinance are met. Other solutions are possible if they achieve at least the same level of safety and health.

Compliance · German source term

Retrofit under the Machinery Regulation

Under the EU Machinery Regulation (EU) 2023/1230, a retrofit of machinery in use is legally either a repair or modification that remains the operator's matter, or a substantial modification: a change not foreseen by the manufacturer that creates a new hazard or increases an existing risk so that new guards or protective devices requiring changes to the safety control system, or additional measures for stability or mechanical strength, become necessary. Whoever makes a substantial modification is considered a manufacturer under Article 18.

Compliance · EU · Technical documentation

Stop controls of an assembly of machinery (1.2.4.4)

Essential health and safety requirement 1.2.4.4 of EU machinery law requires that machinery or parts of machinery designed to work together are designed and constructed so that the stop controls, including the emergency stop devices, can stop not only the machine itself but also all related equipment, if its continued operation may be dangerous.

Compliance · EU